Functions of the Mesophyll The air spaces allow gaseous exchange: Vascular Bundles: Leaf vein made up of xylem and phloem vessels The palisade layer is found below the upper epidermis. Palisade mesophyll. It may be present in one, two, or three layers. The mesophyll layer is divided into palisade and spongy layers. Cells compactly arranged at right angle to the epidermis. Because of this, they have air spaces in between them, which is where the stomata and guard cells reside. Mesophyll cells are specialized for photosynthesis. Chloroplast trap light energy: Spongy Mesophyll: Vary in shape, loosely fit together with many air spaces between them: Less chloroplast than palisade. Spongy mesophyll. The spongy mesophyll is located on the bottom/underside of plant leaves, so it has less chloroplasts and aren't as rigid as the tough mesophyll. The broad midrib contains a vascular bundle, distinctly broader than that of stramonium, showing the usual bicollateral arrangement, which is also to be seen in the stems. So, this is the key difference between palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. In contrast, spongy parenchyma is the lower mesophyll layer of spherical or ovoid cells with few chloroplasts and very prominent intercellular air spaces. 1. 2. 26.7B,D). Overview of Spongy Mesophyll The leaf is a vital organ of the plant where most of the functions related to the plant metabolism take place. spongy mesophyll In a leaf, mesophyll tissue comprising cells of irregular shape, some of them lobed, separated by large spaces in which the atmosphere is humid. There is a system of air spaces which communicate with the air chambers behind the stomata. The spongy mesophyll is found towards the lower epidermis. 2. The mesophyll of most leaves typically contains two arrangements of parenchyma cells: the palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. Spongy mesophyll cells are a type of parenchyma cells which is a part of the mesophyll tissue or ground tissue present below the epidermis of leaves in plants. The spongy mesophyll contains calcium oxalate, mainly in the form of single and twin prisms, but clusters and microsphenoidal crystals are also present (Fig. These cells in the middle of the leaf contain many chloroplasts, the organelles that perform photosynthesis. Since the mesophyll cells contain chloroplasts the tissue is also referred to as chlorenchyma . The palisade mesophyll, bundle sheath and spongy mesophyll are known as the ground parenchyma. The palisade parenchyma (also called the palisade mesophyll) aids in photosynthesis and has column-shaped, tightly-packed cells. It lies just below the palisade layer. BioCoach Activity Concept 5: Structure of a Mesophyll Cell. 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