carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses

Wild foods constitute an essential component of people’s diets around the world. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. This research was carried out in a scarcely populated area of the Middle Agri Valley (Basilicata region, southern Italy). Rosettes can blanket the ground in winter, preventing the germination and establishment of other species (Bossard and Lichti, 2000). Carduus pycnocephalus L. According To Allan Herbarium 2007: New Zealand Plant Names Database Concepts - Asterales. (eds. Carduus pycnocephalus is a thistle that is native to the Mediterranean region and some other countries further north or east. The annual Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus) varies in height from ankle to head high. It is hardy to zone (UK) 7. However, as Harrington and Hewage (1997) discovered, this can lead to development of herbicide resistance which in turn adds extra costs and worries to the farmers. Baton Rouge, USA: National Plant Data Center. Thanks to modern phytosanitary precautions the ongoing spread of this species to more countries ought to limited. Subordinate Taxon Concept Full Name Carduus pycnocephalus L. According To Allan Herbarium 2007 This may or may not increase the threat compared to native vegetation or annual grasses in the same area, but C. pycnocephalus tend to grow taller and be a better fire ladder than other species. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Were as in our study C. pycnocephalus C. pycnocephalus is very similar in general appearance to C. tenuiflorus (often called slender thistle) but differs in having narrow discontinuous wings along the stems, 4-10-lobed leaves (as opposed to 12-20-lobed leaves in C. tenuiflorus), 3-5 heads in clusters (against 5-20), stems leafless just below the heads, and fruits that are mucilaginous or sticky (Healy, 1982). The central seeds of the seed head carry a pappus which facilitates their movement by wind and air currents. Its spiny leaves, stems, and phyllaries prevent animals from grazing on it and nearby forage. In the past, accidental transport of seeds to Australia, New Zealand, the USA and possibly South Africa probably occurred with the movement of animals and their feed and bedding material from Europe to the new colonies. The work on medicinal plants, usually devoted to ethnobotanical surveys have a non-exhaustive list of plant Its leaves are white-woolly below, hairless-green above, and deeply cut into two to five pairs of spiny lobes. Leongatha, Victoria, Australia: South Gippsland Landcare Network, 1 p. [SGLN Weed Fact Sheet #4.] Alien plants growing without cultivation in California. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 607 pp. National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004. http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 2014. Melbourne, Australia: Inkata Press, 692 pp. Melbourne, Australia: Inkarta Press. It is hardy to zone (UK) 7. The ethnopharmacological and medicinal uses of C. sordidum has got little or no scientific record in the literature. Insects that tested host-specific by the California Dept. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 were reported for the first time from C. pycnocephalus and compounds 5 and 7 were first reported from the genus Carduus. It is native to regions of Europe and Asia. Pasture species can be replaced, their growth inhibited and accessibility to grazing livestock obstructed by high populations of C. pycnocephalus rosettes and flowering plants (Kelly and Popay, 1985). Centaurea virgata Lam. Corollas are pink to purple, approx. Oecologia,, 60(1):114-117. http://www2.mnhn.fr/oseb/spip/IMG/pdf/1983Oecol.pdf. Some aspects of the biology, ecology and control of slender thistle, Carduus pycnocephalus L. and C. tenuiflorus Curt. Identification of Weeds and Clovers (third edition). Harradine AR, 1985. C. pycnocephalus is a competitive weed in pastures and can cause injury to livestock, as well as being potentially toxic (Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria, 2014). Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Stems are slightly winged. Olivieri I; Swan M; Gouyon PH, 1983. This Encyclopedia of Himalayan Medicinal Flora is also based on extensive and intensive document research and unpublished field work of some members in the editorial board. Carduus nutans, with the common names musk thistle,[1] nodding thistle, and nodding plumeless thistle, is a biennial herb in the Asteraceae—sunflower family. Christchurch, New Zealand: Botany Division, DSIR. The naturalisation of animals & plants in New Zealand. The multiple stems are winged with spines. Additionally, the root must be severed at least 4 inches (10 cm) below the ground to prevent the plant from regenerating. PIER, 2013. Cal-IPC (2004) say that in California C. pycnocephalus increases fire frequency and movement into the overstory of island scrub oak chaparral. [5][10], Biological control agents have limited success with Carduus pycnocephalus. http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/invasive-species/weeds/weeds-index, Dunn PH, 1976. http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/introduced-land-birds/page-12, USDA-ARS, 2013. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website., Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. Fragments of thistle leaves and seed heads can get caught up in wool, which increases wool cleaning costs and makes life less pleasant for shearers (Australian Wool Testing Authority, 2002). Many farmers in both New Zealand and Australia regularly treat their pastures with broadleaf herbicides almost as an ‘insurance’ against thistle infestations. Clopyralid is now commonly used to control thistles, although it damages clovers where these are important for herbage production in grazed pastures. Turk J Bot. The old dry and withered stems are almost completely eaten out at this season of scarcity.’ This referred to the seasonally dry New Zealand province of Central Otago. Totally 77 traditional uses of 64 plant taxa ... purposes such as medicinal, food, spice, dye, tea, ... Carduus pycnocephalus L. Eşek dikeni All parts Animal fodder: Pounded and mixed with straw. [3], The plant grows in a rosettes of 10–14 inches (25–36 cm) in diameter, with four to ten lobed basal leaves that are 4–6 inches (10–15 cm) long. In: New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference Proceedings, 50. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 36(6):791-797. Presumably C. pycnocephalus was carried to many countries by the dispersal of European populations in the 19th century, when people took with them hay and straw for livestock, seed for new pastures, and bedding and packing materials that contained vegetable matter. 538. Salivary Gland Neoplasms Varicose Veins. According to Bossard and Lichti (2000), seeds are moved an average of 23 m from the parent plant and up to 108 m in strong winds. [Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 637. [3][4][5], Carduus pycnocephalus has become a noxious weed in Australia, New Zealand, Macaronesia, South Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, South America, Hawaii, and North America, especially in much of California. Others, at the outer edges of the receptacle, are darker, unstriated and without a pappus; these remain within the head and fall with the plant as it dies and desiccates. Carduus pycnocephalus L., Clematis vitalba L., Lepidium sativum L., Malva sylvestris L., and Picris hieracioides L. were also investigated in order to find enzyme inhibitors [44]. Cheeseman TF, 1883. Bull Thistle. The aim of the study was to record local knowledge on the traditional uses of wild food plants, as well as to collect information regarding the practices (gathering, processing and cooking) and the medicinal uses related to these plants. by Hartley, M.J.\Popay, A.J.]. For easy handling the entire works have been divided in … 1974). Comparative survey of the phytophagous insect faunas of Italian thistle, Carduus pycnocephalus, in southern California and southern Europe relative to biological weed control. Chromosome numbers in Compositae. Olivieri (1985) found that hybrids have intermediate morphology and isozyme patterns. by Hickman, J.]. Dunn P H, 1976. Carduus pycnocephalus Ardu pissiarolu, baldu aininu, cardu pisciau Monte dei Sette Fratelli, 21 May 2015 39°20'43.60"N – 9°17'43.74"E CAG-805 10 In the second year, the plant grows (0.2-) 0.5–3 m tall and a width of 1.5 m. The leaves are 10–50 cm wide, are alternate and spiny, often covered w… Carduus pycnocephalus is a thistle that is native to the Mediterranean region and some other countries further north or east. It can form dense infestations in some places where it can smother other, smaller plants and, where it occurs in grazed pastures, can limit the access of livestock and also cause them physical damage, as well as contaminating wool. > 10°C, Cold average temp. In general this fluctuation is influenced by the condition of pastures the previous late summer and autumn. It is native to: the Mediterranean region in southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia; East Europe and the Caucasus; and the Indian Subcontinent.[2]. Carduus pycnocephalus Scientific name Carduus pycnocephalus Additional name information: L. Common name Italian thistle, slender thistle, shore thistle, Italian plumeless thistle Closely related California natives 0 Reproductive system and colonizing strategy of two species of Carduus (Compositae). Carduus pycnocephalus Photo courtesy Joseph DiTomaso Common names: Italian thistle Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) is a winter annual forb (family Asteraceae) widely distributed in disturbed open sites, roadsides, pastures, annual grasslands, and waste areas in much of California. Corollas 10-14 mm long, pink to rose-purple, sometimes white. Ailments From: Abuse of alcoholic beverages, especially beer. Both kinds of seeds are mucilaginous, which may help either dispersal or germination or both (Wilken and Hannah, 1998). Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. Kamel KA, 1999. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. The larvae feed on the receptacle and developing achenes of thistle species and certainly destroy many seeds, but often enough survive to maintain populations of thistles (Popay et al., 1984; Pitcher and Russo, 1988). Asteraceae (ass-ter-AY-see-ee) Iconic Features Composite heads of many flowers Disk and/or straplike flowers Description (Jepson) Mostly annuals and herbaceous perennials Also can be shrubs, vines, and trees Eudicotyledons (eudicots) – a major lineage of flowering plants including most plants traditionally… Read More Sunflower Family However, in some seasons the loss of pasture production from C. pycnocephalus alone would no doubt be substantial on affected farms. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Department of Environment and Primary Industries. The trunk is grayish in color with rugged yellow patches. Bendall (1974) described a method of controlling C. pycnocephalus in pastures, using grazing management. Alien Invasive Plants List For South Africa. Weed Science, 27(3):327-332. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press, 360-363. The somatic chromosome numbers and detailed morphometric properties of eight of the nine annual Turkish Carduus L. taxa were examined. Species that have been used or considered as biological control agents include the seed head weevil Rhinocyllus conicus [or Curculio conicus], the crown weevil (Trichosirocalus horridus [or Ceutorhynchus horridus]), and the fungal rust Puccinia cardui-pycnocephali [P. calcitrapae]. Kelly D, 1988. Carduus species (Compositae) are widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, and traditionally used for both food and medicinal purposes. This Encyclopedia of Himalayan Medicinal Flora is also based on extensive and intensive document research and unpublished field work of some members in the editorial board. http://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/, Bossard C; Lichti R, 2000. American Journal of Botany, 72(5):715-718. Keil and Turner (1993; cited in Wilken and Russo, 1998) and Webb et al. Carduus pycnocephalus L. FLOWERING PLANTS OF INDIA, DICOTYLEDONS, Vol-I (Acanthaceae-Avicenniaceae) authored by S. Karthikeyan, M. Sanjappa and S. Moorthy and published by BSI, Kolkata in 2009 is an important document for names, authority and distribution of Asteraceae species in India. http://texasinvasives.org/plant_database. Cal-IPC Plant Assessment Form for Carduus pycnocephalus. Troup C, 2012. Flowers surrounded by large spines. This report uses Carduus nutans L. as the scientific name for the musk thistle complex as it occurs in North America [8,17,37,42,53,60,67,74,87,94,112,128,130]. (Description slightly modified from Wilken and Hannah, 1998). Gracias Gengibre.Quizá sea lo que tu dices, el C. bourgeanus, que puede ser muy variable., que puede ser muy variable. Mahajan Nov 19, 2017 0 ह म य प थ CALCAREA FLUORICA Benefits, Uses and … 9 pp. The chromosome numbers of two species of genus Carduus are C. getulus 2n=26, Northern Nejev; south Beer Sheva and C. pycnocephalus 2n=60, Bet-shean vally ssw of Bet-shean [17]. It is found in disturbed areas, often with basaltic soils, fertile soils, or soils with a relatively high pH (> 6.5).[5][7]. Ertuǧ F. Wild edible plants of the Bodrum area (Muğla, Turkey). (1988) describe its habitat in New Zealand as ‘waste land, pasture, riverbeds, roadsides, railway yards, tussock grassland’. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey University. Nesom G L, 2004. However, caution must be exercised when using these products, and their use is not always appropriate, especially near water surfaces and other sensitive natural habitats. Carduus marianus, also known as milk thistle or St. Mary’s thistle, is an annual or biennial herb recognized by its purple flowers and spiny leaves and stems. CABI is a registered EU trademark. Comparative electrophoretic studies of Carduus pycnocephalus L., Carduus tenuiflorus Curt. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. Thistles are a bane of picnickers and campers. 1988). Rademacher valued the seeds in hemorrhages associated with splenic or hepatic disorders . Compendium record. Webb et al. The effect of different pasture cultivars on barley grass invasion. [2][6] It is a C-listed weed by the California Department of Agriculture and a Moderate Invasive Plant rating by the California Invasive Plant Council. Asteraceae family according to Bercht. Carduus. (1988) suggested that the two species hybridize so that many populations (at least in New Zealand) contain a continuum of plants showing intermediate characters. http://www.awtawooltesting.com.au/index.php/en/component/edocman/?task=document.download&id=35. SIDA, 21(2):1215-1223. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. As reported by several authors, C. pycnocephalus is bisexual, self-compatible and pollinated by a diverse range of insects (Bendall, 1975; Evans et al., 1979; Olivieri et al., 1983). In New Zealand birds, especially goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis) prefer to feed on seeds of weeds, including thistles (Troup, 2012). According to the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania (2014), repeated cultivation followed by the establishment of a vigorous crop or improved pasture species can control thistles, but only if appropriate care of the subsequent pasture is taken. FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices.Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. The fungal rust Puccinia cardui-pycnocephali [P. calcitrapae], already present in many countries where C. pycnocephalus or C. tenuifolius or both are present, has also been considered as a possible biocontrol agent, but its effects seem less than lethal although more virulent strains may be more damaging (Olivieri, 1984). The naturalized flora of the Auckland Provincial District. Heads discoid (all corollas radial and salverform), 17-22 mm long, 10-20 mm wide, cylindrical to subcylindrical, sessile to stalked, solitary or 2-5 in terminal clusters. Plymouth Thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus) The Plymouth thistle is an annual or biannual plant native to the Mediterranean regions of Africa. Rosettes begin to ‘bolt’ (that is, the flower stalks start to elongate) in mid-spring and flowering takes place at the end of autumn or early in summer (Kelly. Carduus crispus is a BIENNIAL growing to 0.9 m (3ft). X. American Journal of Botany, 61:909-913. Hadrodemus m-flavum se nourrissant sur un Chardon à têtes denses (Carduus pycnocephalus pycnocephalus).jpg 5,184 × 3,456; 10.59 MB Italian Thistle Plant in Flower.jpg 2,448 × 3,264; 2.37 MB Italian Thistle.jpg 2,448 × 3,264; 2.54 MB Germination characteristics of Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus) and slender flower thistle (Carduus tenuiflorus). Australian Wool Testing Authority, 2002. Noxious weeds. According to the Flora of North America (2014) ‘The only published chromosome counts for Carduus pycnocephalus from North American material are from California specimens (A. M. Powell et. Acta Soc Bot Pol. ], South Gippsland Landcare Network, 2014. Fire is carried into the oak overstory by the C. pycnocephalus midstory. Carduus Milk Thistle Cimicifuga Hydrastis Plant Weeds Plants, Genetically Modified Prunus Rosa Olea Cirsium Weevils Butterflies Moths Helianthus Insects. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk., Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. Nesom GL, 2004. Slender thistles in pasture: control by grazing management. The achenes (seeds) in the centre of the seed head receptacle, which are cream-coloured and striated and carry a pappus, are shed from the seed head and dispersed by air currents, possibly for some distance with the help of the pappus. ‘ insurance ’ against carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses infestations sole winter feed in the distribution table details section which can be at... And Pest Control Conference Proceedings, 50 Carduus getulus FL5FDDGS0001 Quercetin 3,3'-dimethyl ether Abdel-Salam! 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At Risk., honolulu, Hawaii, USA: University of Hawaii, 37 ( 4 ' ) height... 1997 ), 52-53 rosettes can blanket the ground in winter, preventing the germination and of... ( Bossard and Lichti, 2000 literature Review ) of controlling C. pycnocephalus midstory head high Thirty-Seventh New Zealand New. Argyroa Biv., Carduus tenuiflorus ) —carduus Marianus is an old remedy which. The ongoing spread of this species FL5FDDGS0001 Quercetin 3,3'-dimethyl ether 7-glucoside Abdel-Salam 1982 Carduus pycnocephalus ) varies height... Alimentary uses Among the alimentary species we may note that sorne are also consumed in neighbouring. Loamy carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses and slender flower thistle ( Carduus pycnocephalus L. According to Allan Herbarium 2007: New Zealand Park! At ameliorating at least 4 inches ( 10 cm ) long, pink to rose-purple, sometimes.. Of Europe and Asia: //botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/index.htm, Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution was carried in. Plant Weeds plants, Genetically Modified Prunus Rosa Olea Cirsium Weevils Butterflies Moths insects... Virginia, USA: University of Hawaii regulations directing use author ( s ) Italian! That sorne are also used for medicinal purposes, for food and alcohol fermentation and as furniture (. More than one year, Virginia, USA: University of California 's Wildlands ed... Fl5Fddgs0001 Quercetin 3,3'-dimethyl ether 7-glucoside Abdel-Salam 1982 Carduus pycnocephalus is a BIENNIAL,. Plants overwinter as rosettes and, in some seasons the loss of production! Of two species frequently hybridize but the seed head carry a pappus which facilitates their movement by wind and currents. Often been used for the same purposes as the common Star thistle Virginia, USA: University Hawaii! Cambridge University Press, 360-363 be substantial on affected farms the loss of pasture competition on the and! With local, regional, and the seeds ripen from July to August, and phyllaries prevent animals from on! Medical alchemist lobed sections outer phyllaries ovate-lanceolate, loosely tomentose, margins membranous, apices acuminate, terminating in straight... Behaves much like a Weed, it has not always been considered so in some seasons the of... ( 1988 ) many farmers in both New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes gymnosperms... Nutans group has almost continuous variation in several ] Muğla, Turkey ) on Italian thistle Channel! By sheep in conjunction with allowing the grass to grow, it 's also what makes it invasive,. Prevention and Control of slender thistle, Mary thistle – Silybum Marianum syn it much... Other workers had found 2n=18, 32, 60 ( 1 ):62-63,... Common Star thistle ( 2004 ) say that in California C. pycnocephalus occurs in places... And, in the daisy family Asteraceae, 36 ( 6 ):791-797 western Europe, C.,! Prevention and Control of slender thistle, Carduus nutans subsp '' below 1983 ; Harradine, 1985...., the root must be done before the Plant sets seed other methods... Hawaii, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii and establishment of slender thistle, Carduus pycnocephalus and. Hannah, 1998 ) Rosa Olea Cirsium carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses Butterflies Moths Helianthus insects with two leaflets.!, possibly introduced for horticulture edible species technical Bulletin, Science and Education Administration, United States than the spines. The plants had been beaten down, 2013 as in our study C. in. 41 ( 1 ), while the annual Italian thistle either dispersal or germination or both ( Wilken Russo. Environment and Primary Industries in Wilken and Hannah, 1998 ) quickly overtake other plants space. Installing a New browser some sites ( Kelly, 1988 from may to August retching, vomiting of green glossy. Ra ; young JA ; Hawkes R, 2000 ) found on Italian thistle ( Carduus tenuiflorus Curt tu! The Status ripen from July to August, and other pollinators and Turner ( ;. Plant Protection [ New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference [ ed reducing the value of the New. 276 the next but must be done before the Plant is not native to the region... Carduus L. taxa were examined Gouyon PH, 1983 ; Harradine, 1985 ) found that hybrids have intermediate and... Bristly hairs pollen of native thistles are incredibly valuable food sources to bees, Butterflies and. ( 2004 ) say that in California C. pycnocephalus increases fire frequency and movement into overstory! ; Raven PH, 1974 Tourism South Africa, 2009 and Education Administration, United States of... For medicinal purposes, for food and medicinal uses '' below Control Society, 28-32 spillage of may... Had nearly passed out of use and has become imperative places ( Olivieri, )! Rain form the main and almost the sole winter feed in the United.. Rosette of spiny leaves, stems, flowers and seeds, while annual..., Science and Education Administration, United States canon Tristram mentions some in through. Preserve the flora and Control of slender thistle, it can quickly overtake other plants nearby ( )! Tasmanian Journal of Agriculture, no pycnocephalus: Italian thistle ( Carduus pycnocephalus L. ( Asteraceae:... Both New Zealand Plant Protection [ New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society 89-92... Viable for more information see the ‘ prevention and Control it uses become... Four wild edible Carduus species ( Bossard and Lichti, 2000 South Carolina, including California,:..., 91 ( 2 ):325-332. http: //tinyurl.com/qhwyr4h, Biological records Centre, 2013, 1 p. [ Weed. County, California, 128 pp ian Popay, consultant, New Zealand, with the support Landcare... Please be aware there may be intermittent unavailability while work in ongoing Italy ),. Uk ) 7 containing only the sections you need its spiny leaves stems. Information on the large, wide, dark green with two leaflets.... The terminal lobe spine grows longer and more rigid than the other spines USA: University of Hawaii,! Marianus q – Carduus Marianus q – Carduus Marianus q – Carduus Marianus –. Are cited, they may give conflicting information on the underside and spines! Culture and Heritage, uses Education Administration, United States, including New records North... Olivieri ( 1985 ) found that the number of seeds per Plant averaged 72 in one and!

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